CRAFT STORIES | ASIA PACIFIC | JAPAN | METAL

 

Gyokusendo | Tsuiki Makers

 

A craftsman in the main workshop, with a view of an empty seat with the slots made for accommodating anvils. © Sophie Richard

 

Gyokusendo is a 200-year-old company specialized in tsuiki, or hand-hammered copperware. Located in Tsubame city in Niigata Prefecture, a region where metalworking has been carried out since the Edo period, the workshop produces handsome kettles, tea wares, cups, coffee kettles and drippers, all made entirely by hand. The seventh representative of the founding family is now at its helm.

When founded in 1816, Gyokusendo benefited from the discovery of copper deposits in the surrounding mountains. A few decades later, as the Meiji period started, the workshop was encouraged by the new government to participate in international exhibitions. It received a Bronze Award at the Chicago World’s Fair in 1893. Today, nearly 20 artisans work in the sizeable tatami-covered workshop at the back of a wooden house. Men and women of different ages, each one able to accomplish several steps in the making process, are all working accompanied by the constant rhythmic sound of hammers beating metal.

 


The different stages for making a tea pot, starting from a sheet of copper © Sophie Richard

 

To create each of the vessels, three stages are necessary: first shaping, then texturing, and finally coloring. To accomplish this a remarkable number of tools, in a wide variety of shapes, are used (up to 200 in total). The main group are specially formed anvils called toriguchi, or bird beaks, dozens of which are kept on racks along the workshop’s walls, each with a specific purpose. These unique tools allows Gyokusendo’s artisans to form, chase, smooth and decorate copper in an inimitable way. As the hammered metal gradually becomes harder, it needs to be periodically heated in a small furnace to become malleable again.

The final step takes place in separate rooms located beyond the main workshop, where the coloration is completed. Different processes include the addition of a thin layer of tin, oxidation, a variety of chemicals, plus dipping in sulphur and polishing with a soft cloth. Finally, the vessels, placed in a basket, are boiled in water to which verdigris has been added, so as to ‘fix’ the surface. A beguiling range of colors is obtained, from golden bronze and light silver to iridescent blue. To prevent people from burning their hands while using the kettles, rattan is coiled along the handles.

The most valuable pieces are made from a single sheet of copper beaten repeatedly to achieve the desired shape, a demanding technique that is Gyokusendo’s trademark. A less challenging procedure is used for some of the vessels, such as small teapots, which can be made by joining a spout and a body that have been hammered separately. These are lifelong objects and, when necessary, Gyokusendo is proud to repair the pieces brought back by their customers.

Gyokusendo’s showroom in Tsubame is open to the public. With advanced booking, a fascinating tour of the workshop can be arranged. Conveniently, for those who cannot make the three-hour round trip from the capital on the bullet train, you. can find Gyokusendo copperware at its attractive shop inside the Ginza Six department store, or at the newly open Kogai boutique in central Tokyo.



Words and images by Sophie Richard

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